UK Military Satellite Launches to Enhance Space Capabilities

The UK military has launched its first dedicated Earth-imaging satellite, named Tyche. This washing machine-sized satellite is designed to provide high-resolution imagery capable of identifying battlefield troop positions and vehicles. It marks the beginning of a planned network of satellites, set to deploy over the next decade, featuring various sensors for advanced reconnaissance.

Tyche was launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon rocket from California at 11:56 local time (19:56 BST). It will orbit Earth at an altitude of approximately 500 kilometers and is expected to operate for at least five years. Previously, while UK forces have relied on the state-of-the-art Skynet satellite communications system, accessing space-based surveillance and reconnaissance imagery typically required requests to allies, especially the United States.

Tyche represents the UK’s first wholly owned imaging satellite, following past contributions to commercial sector projects. Commissioned by UK Space Command and built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) in Guildford, the 160-kilogram satellite will capture imagery at optical wavelengths—similar to visible light. It is designed to take 5-kilometer-wide spot scenes with a resolution of up to 90 centimeters. While not the highest resolution available (some classified US satellites can discern features as small as 10 centimeters), it meets the British military’s needs.

The development of Tyche is part of the broader ISTARI program, outlined in a 2021 Space Command Paper and a 2022 Space Defence Strategy. This initiative aims to establish a sovereign constellation of military and national security satellites, incorporating technologies such as radar sensors capable of operating in all weather conditions and at night—similar to those used by Ukraine to monitor Russian forces.

Maj Gen Paul Tedman, commander of UK Space Command, described Tyche as the beginning of the UK’s journey towards becoming a significant space power by 2030. He anticipates further satellite launches in the coming months and years.

SSTL, which designed Tyche based on its Carbonite model, hopes to secure additional defense contracts both domestically and internationally. The Tyche contract, valued at £22 million, features a propulsion system that uses water to generate thrust through superheated steam.

The UK has faced criticism for lacking a sovereign satellite imaging capability, with a Commons Defence Select Committee previously labeling it as “at best, a third-rank space power.” Concerns were also raised about ISTARI’s future, given past issues with MoD project delivery. The recent change in government has prompted a review of UK defense needs and spending. As space becomes increasingly crucial in future conflicts, experts will be watching to see if the new government remains committed to advancing the UK’s space capabilities.